Irritable bowel syndrome

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by impaired function of the large intestine and a chronic, recurring course.

Causes

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but contributing factors include:

• Eating disorders
• Hypersensibility of the intestines;
• Imbalance of normal gut microflora;
• Intestinal infections;
• Food allergies;
• Food intolerances;
• Psychological factors (stress, anxiety, depression);
• Genetics.

Symptoms

IBS can present with a variety of symptoms that vary in severity and duration. The condition is characterized by:

• Dull, cramping abdominal pain;
• Discomfort throughout the abdomen (diffusely), as well as in the lower third of the abdomen and around the navel
• Bloating and spasms;
• Diarrhea;
• Constipation;
• Abdominal bloating;
• Nausea;
•  Fatigue.

Diagnosis

To diagnose IBS, a doctor must first review the patient’s symptoms: frequency and intensity of abdominal pain, changes in stool and bowel habits, stress levels, lifestyle, etc. A physical examination is also conducted to check for abdominal tenderness, bloating, and other signs of pathology. If necessary, a colonoscopy, CT scan, or MRI may be indicated. Additional tests may be conducted if other gastrointestinal disorders are suspected.

Treatment Methods

Treatment typically includes:

• Lifestyle changes;
• Diet modifications;
• Stress management;
• Medication;

Treatment strategies are tailored individually based on the patient’s symptoms.