What is Migraine?

Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by severe pulsating pain, primarily on one side of the head, although the pain may radiate to the other side.

Types of Migraine                          

There are several types of migraines, and each has its characteristics. Common types of the condition include:

• Migraine without aura – this type of migraine is characterized by periodic pulsating pain ranging from moderate to severe, lasting for several hours or days. Attacks may be accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light, sound, or smell;
• Migraine with aura, known as classic migraine, is accompanied by a typical headache characterized by blurred vision, temporary changes or difficulties in speech, and altered sensitivity.
• Chronic migraine - this type of migraine is characterized by frequent migraine attacks occurring at least 15 days per month.
• Menstrual migraine: occurs around the time of menstruation and is more difficult to manage than other types of migraines.
• Hemiplegic migraine - a rare subtype characterized by temporary weakness of the limbs on the right or left side during or after the attack.
• Retinal migraine - also known as ocular migraine, is a rare type of migraine that is often accompanied by temporary visual disturbances or blindness in one eye.
• Vestibular migraine - is characterized by dizziness, headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. Vestibular migraine is difficult to diagnose because symptoms of other vestibular disorders accompany it.

Causes of the disease

 The exact cause of migraine is unknown, but various factors may influence the development of the condition, including:

• Endocrine changes;
• Stress;
• Lack of sleep;
• Certain foods or food additives;
• Genetic factors;
• Being hungry.

Diagnosing                         

There is no specific test for diagnosing migraine. Diagnosis includes:

• Reviewing medical history;
• Physical examination;
• Laboratory tests;
• Radiological examinations (CT, MRI) may be conducted to rule out other conditions.

Treatment Methods                         

Treatment of migraines involves lifestyle changes and taking medications to relieve pain. Depending on the condition of a patient, the following medications may be prescribed:

• Pain relievers, including those for migraines.
• Anti-nausea medications;
• Beta-blockers;
• Combination medications;
• Anticonvulsants;
• Antidepressants;
• Calcium channel blockers;
• Botulinum toxin injections.