Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. In diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body’s cells do not respond effectively.
Types of diabetes and treatment methods
- Type 1: Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence. In this type of diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. In such cases, insulin therapy is prescribed, and the patient depends on insulin for the rest of his/ her life.
- Type 2: This type is the most common form of diabetes. It usually develops in adulthood, although it can occur in young people as well. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level. In this case, anti-diabetic medications, along with diet and lifestyle changes, are prescribed. Insulin therapy may also be necessary if needed.
Prediabetes: Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. A healthy lifestyle and dietary regulation are usually sufficient to normalize blood sugar levels.
Gestational diabetes: This is diabetes that develops due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, which usually resolves after childbirth, although women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. During this time, weight control, diet, and a healthy lifestyle are necessary.
Complications
Diabetes disrupts many processes in the body. High blood sugar levels damage organs and tissues, which can lead to:
- Cardiovascular diseases;
- Diabetic nephropathy;
- Diabetic neuropathy;
- Vision and hearing problems;
- Skin diseases;
- Depression;
- Dementia.
Gestational diabetes can lead to complications such as premature birth, preeclampsia, and stillbirth.
Managing diabetes mellitus
For proper management of diabetes, it is necessary to:
- Maintain a healthy blood sugar level;
- Follow a balanced diet and engage in regular physical exercise;
- Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol levels;
- Take medications as prescribed.
Regular medical check-ups and screenings are necessary for the early detection and treatment of complications caused by diabetes.
